Infection and Response Mind Map

Infection and response

Communicable diseases
- Pathogens
  - Viruses
  - Bacteria
  - Protists
  - Fungi
- Spread
  - Direct contact
  - Water
  - Air
- Diseases
  - Measles, HIV, TMV
  - Salmonella, gonorrhoea
  - Rose black spot
  - Malaria
- Non-specific defences
  - Skin
  - Nose
  - Trachea and bronchi
  - Stomach
- White blood cells
  - Phagocytosis
  - Antibodies
  - Antitoxins
- Vaccination
  - Dead or inactive pathogen
  - Quick antibody response
  - Population protected
- Antibiotics and painkillers
  - Kill bacteria only
  - Painkillers treat symptoms
  - Resistant strains
- Drug development
  - Plant sources
  - Preclinical testing
  - Clinical trials
  - Placebo, peer review
Monoclonal antibodiesTriple onlyHigher tier
- Single clone of cells Triple onlyHigher tier
  - One binding site
  - One protein antigen
- Production Triple onlyHigher tier
  - Mouse lymphocytes
  - Tumour cell fusion
  - Hybridoma cell
  - Clone and purify
- Diagnosis Triple onlyHigher tier
  - Pregnancy tests
  - Lab measurements
- Research Triple onlyHigher tier
  - Fluorescent dye
  - Locate molecules
- Cancer treatment Triple onlyHigher tier
  - Radioactive substance
  - Toxic drug
  - Targets cancer cells
- Drawbacks Triple onlyHigher tier
  - More side effects
  - Less widely used
Plant diseaseTriple only
- Detection Triple onlyHigher tier
  - Stunted growth
  - Spots and decay
  - Discolouration
  - Pests
- Identification Triple onlyHigher tier
  - Manual or website
  - Laboratory
  - Monoclonal antibody kits
- Pathogens and pests Triple only
  - TMV
  - Black spot
  - Aphids
- Ion deficiency Triple only
  - Nitrate: stunted growth
  - Magnesium: chlorosis
- Physical defences Triple only
  - Cellulose cell walls
  - Waxy cuticle
  - Dead cell layers
- Chemical defences Triple only
  - Antibacterial chemicals
  - Poisons
- Mechanical adaptations Triple only
  - Thorns and hairs
  - Drooping leaves
  - Mimicry

Infection and response mind map