Inheritance and Evolution Mind Map | AQA GCSE Combined Science

Inheritance, variation and evolution mind map · AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy · clockitwithsci.com

Inheritance, variation and evolution

Reproduction
- Sexual vs asexual, meiosis
  - Gametes fuse, variety
  - One parent, clones
  - Meiosis halves chromosomes
  - Fertilisation restores number
- DNA and genome
  - Double helix
  - Gene codes for protein
  - Human genome uses
- Genetic inheritance
  - Alleles
  - Dominant, recessive
  - Punnett squares
  - Family trees
- Inherited disorders
  - Polydactyly
  - Cystic fibrosis
  - Embryo screening
- Sex determination
  - XX female
  - XY male
  - 1 : 1 ratio
Variation and evolution
- Variation
  - Genetic
  - Environmental
  - Both
- Mutations
  - Source of variants
  - Most no effect
  - Rare new phenotype
- Evolution
  - Natural selection
  - Survive and breed
  - New species
- Selective breeding
  - Choose parents
  - Many generations
  - Inbreeding
- Genetic engineering
  - Gene from another organism
  - GM crops
  - Human insulin
- Steps of genetic engineering Higher tier
  - Enzymes isolate gene
  - Vector: plasmid or virus
  - Insert into cells
Development of understanding
- Evidence for evolution
  - Genes
  - Fossils
  - Antibiotic resistance
- Fossils
  - How formed
  - Record incomplete
- Extinction
  - New predators, diseases
  - New competitors
  - Environmental change
  - Catastrophic event
- Resistant bacteria
  - Mutation
  - Survive and reproduce
  - MRSA
  - Reduce misuse
Classification
- Linnaean system
  - Kingdom to species
  - Carl Linnaeus
- Binomial names
  - Genus
  - Species
- Three-domain system
  - Archaea
  - Bacteria
  - Eukaryota
- Evolutionary trees
  - Classification data
  - Fossil data
  - Common ancestors