Ecosystems and material cycles mind map

Ecosystems and material cycles

• Communities
  • Levels of organisation
    • Organism
    • Population
    • Community
    • Ecosystem
  • Abiotic factors
    • Temperature
    • Light
    • Water
    • Pollutants
  • Biotic factors
    • Competition
    • Predation
  • Interdependence
    • Food
    • Shelter
    • Pollination
  • Parasitism
    • Parasite benefits
    • Host harmed
  • Mutualism
    • Both benefit
    • Root nodule bacteria
• Fieldwork
  • Quadrats
    • Random placement
    • Count or percentage cover
  • Belt transect
    • Regular intervals
    • Environmental gradient
  • Measure factors
    • Light meter
    • Moisture meter
  • Estimate population
    • Mean per quadrat
    • Scale up to area
  • Reliability
    • Many quadrats
    • Mean
• Energy transferTriple only
  • Energy lost Triple only
    • Heat (respiration)
    • Movement
    • Waste
    • Uneaten parts
  • Fewer organisms higher up Triple only
  • Short food chains Triple only
  • Pyramid of biomass Triple only
    • Wide base
    • Narrows upward
  • Efficiency Triple only
    • Transferred ÷ available
    • × 100
• Human impacts
  • Fish farming
    • Food supply
    • Waste pollution
    • Disease spread
  • Non-indigenous species
    • Out-compete natives
    • Reduce biodiversity
  • Eutrophication
    • Nitrates in
    • Algal bloom
    • Oxygen falls
    • Fish die
  • Benefits of biodiversity
    • Stable ecosystems
    • Food and medicines
  • Conservation
    • Protect habitats
    • Captive breeding
  • Reforestation
    • Habitats
    • Absorbs CO₂
    • Less erosion
  • Food security Triple only
    • Population
    • Meat and fish
    • Pests
    • Biofuels
• Material cycles
  • Cycling of materials
    • Abiotic to biotic
    • Decomposers return
  • Carbon cycle
    • Photosynthesis
    • Respiration
    • Decay
    • Combustion
  • Decomposers
    • Bacteria
    • Fungi
  • Water cycle
    • Evaporation
    • Transpiration
    • Condensation
    • Precipitation
  • Potable water
    • Safe to drink
    • Desalination
  • Nitrogen cycle
    • Nitrogen fixation
    • Nitrification
    • Denitrification
    • Decay
  • Replacing nitrates
    • Fertilisers
    • Crop rotation
• Indicators and decayTriple only
  • Polluted water species Triple onlyHigher tier
    • Bloodworm
    • Sludgeworm
  • Clean water species Triple onlyHigher tier
    • Freshwater shrimp
    • Stonefly
  • Air quality species Triple onlyHigher tier
    • Lichens
    • Blackspot on roses
  • Food preservation Triple only
    • Cold
    • Dry
    • Less oxygen
  • Composting Triple only
    • Warm
    • Moist
    • Oxygen
  • Rate of decay Triple only
    • Change in mass ÷ time
    • Percentage loss