Exchange and transport in animals
- Transport and exchange
- Substances transported
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide
- Water
- Food molecules
- Mineral ions
- Urea
- Surface area : volume ratio
- Surface area ÷ volume
- Bigger organism, smaller ratio
- Single cell
- Large ratio
- Diffusion enough
- Multicellular
- Small ratio
- Exchange surface
- Transport system
- Alveoli
- Large surface area
- One cell thick
- Moist lining
- Blood supply
- Ventilation
- Substances transported
- Diffusion rateTriple only
- Surface area Triple only
- Larger, faster
- Concentration gradient Triple only
- Steeper, faster
- Diffusion distance Triple only
- Shorter, faster
- Fick’s law Triple only
- SA × conc. difference
- ÷ thickness
- Surface area Triple only
- Blood and vessels
- Red blood cells
- Haemoglobin
- Biconcave
- No nucleus
- White blood cells
- Phagocytes engulf
- Lymphocytes: antibodies
- Plasma
- Carries dissolved substances
- Platelets
- Clotting
- Arteries
- Thick wall
- Elastic fibres
- High pressure
- Veins
- Valves
- Wide lumen
- Capillaries
- One cell thick
- Exchange
- Red blood cells
- Heart and circulation
- Double circulation
- Lungs circuit
- Body circuit
- Major vessels
- Vena cava
- Pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary vein
- Aorta
- Valves
- Prevent backflow
- Wall thickness
- Ventricles thicker
- Left thicker than right
- Cardiac output
- Stroke volume × heart rate
- Double circulation
- Respiration
- Exothermic
- Releases energy
- Metabolic processes
- Aerobic
- Needs oxygen
- CO₂ + water
- More energy
- Anaerobic in animals
- Lactic acid
- Less energy
- Anaerobic in plants and yeast
- Ethanol + CO₂
- Core practical
- Respirometer
- Soda lime
- Liquid moves towards organisms
- Exothermic