Genetics
- Reproduction and meiosis
- Asexual reproduction Triple only
- One parent
- No mate needed
- Rapid cycle
- No variation
- Sexual reproduction Triple only
- Two parents
- Variation
- Must find a mate
- Meiosis
- Four daughter cells
- Half the chromosomes
- Genetically different
- Gametes
- Haploid
- Fuse at fertilisation
- Human chromosome numbers
- Body cell: 46
- Gamete: 23
- Zygote: 46
- Asexual reproduction Triple only
- DNA and the genome
- DNA polymer
- Nucleotides
- Double helix
- Two strands
- Nucleotide
- Sugar
- Phosphate group
- One of four bases
- Complementary base pairs
- A with T
- C with G
- Weak hydrogen bonds
- Genome
- Entire DNA of an organism
- Gene
- Section of DNA
- Codes for a protein
- Extracting DNA from fruit
- Mash
- Detergent and salt
- Filter
- Cold ethanol
- DNA polymer
- Protein synthesisTriple onlyHigher tier
- Base order to amino acids Triple onlyHigher tier
- Chain folds
- Specific shape
- Enzymes
- Transcription Triple onlyHigher tier
- RNA polymerase
- Non-coding DNA binding
- Complementary mRNA
- Translation Triple onlyHigher tier
- mRNA on ribosome
- Codons
- tRNA
- Polypeptide
- Variant in non-coding DNA Triple onlyHigher tier
- RNA polymerase binding
- Quantity of protein
- Variant in coding DNA Triple onlyHigher tier
- Amino acid sequence
- Protein activity
- Base order to amino acids Triple onlyHigher tier
- Inheritance
- Gregor Mendel Triple only
- Pea plants
- Factors inherited
- Mechanism unknown
- Key terms
- Allele
- Dominant, recessive
- Homozygous, heterozygous
- Genotype, phenotype
- Monohybrid cross
- Punnett square
- Pedigree
- 3 : 1 ratio
- Sex determination
- XX female
- XY male
- 50% each
- Probability
- Ratios
- Fractions
- Percentages
- Carriers: 1 in 4
- ABO blood groups Triple only
- Multiple alleles
- Codominance
- IA, IB codominant
- IO recessive
- Sex-linked disorders Triple onlyHigher tier
- X chromosome
- Males more affected
- Carrier females
- Gregor Mendel Triple only
- Variation and genome
- Multiple genes
- Most features
- Genetic variation
- Mutation
- Sexual reproduction
- Environmental variation
- Acquired characteristics
- Mutations
- Most no effect
- Some small effect
- Rarely significant
- Human Genome Project
- Medical uses
- Testing
- Treatments
- Multiple genes