Health, Disease and Medicines Mind Map

Health, disease and the development of medicines mind map · Edexcel GCSE Biology · clockitwithsci.com

Health, disease and the development of medicines

Health and disease
- WHO definition of health
  - Physical
  - Mental
  - Social
- Communicable disease
  - Caused by pathogens
  - Can be passed on
- Non-communicable disease
  - Not passed on
  - No pathogen
- One disease leads to another
  - Weakened immune system
  - Damaged barriers
  - Mental health
- Interpreting data
  - Scatter diagram
  - Correlation not cause
  - Sample size
Pathogens
- Pathogen types
  - Virus
  - Bacteria
  - Fungi
  - Protists
- Cholera, TB
  - Bacteria
  - Water
  - Airborne
- Ash dieback
  - Fungus
  - Airborne spores
  - Leaf loss, lesions
- Malaria
  - Protist
  - Mosquito vector
  - Blood and liver damage
- HIV
  - Virus
  - White blood cells
  - AIDS
- Stomach ulcers, Ebola Triple only
  - Helicobacter
  - Oral transmission
  - Ebola virus
  - Body fluids
- Virus lifecycle Triple only
  - Lytic
  - Lysogenic
- STIs
  - Chlamydia
  - HIV
  - Condoms
Plant defencesTriple only
- Physical barriers Triple only
  - Leaf cuticle
  - Cell wall
- Chemical defences Triple only
  - Kill microorganisms
  - Poison pests
- Plant medicines Triple only
  - Treat disease
  - Relieve symptoms
  - e.g. aspirin from willow
- Detecting disease Triple onlyHigher tier
  - Environmental causes
  - Distribution analysis
  - Visible symptoms
  - Diagnostic tests
Human defences
- Physical barriers
  - Skin
  - Mucus
  - Cilia
- Chemical defences
  - Lysozymes
  - Hydrochloric acid
- Specific immune response
  - Antigens
  - Antibodies
  - Memory lymphocytes
- Secondary response
  - Faster
  - More antibodies
- Immunisation
  - Inactive pathogen
  - Memory cells made
- Immunisation pros and cons Triple only
  - Herd immunity
  - Protects non-immune people
  - Side effects
  - Boosters may be needed
Medicines
- Antibiotics
  - Bacteria only
  - Inhibit cell processes
- Aseptic technique Triple only
  - Autoclave
  - Sterile loop
  - Covered dishes
- Core practical Triple only
  - Clear zone
  - Control disc
  - Area πr²
- New medicines
  - Discovery
  - Development
  - Preclinical
  - Clinical
- Monoclonal antibodies Triple onlyHigher tier
  - Hybridoma cells
  - Pregnancy tests
  - Diagnosis
  - Cancer treatment
Non-communicable diseases
- Multiple causes
  - Lifestyle
  - Environment
  - Inherited
- Obesity and malnutrition
  - BMI
  - Waist : hip ratio
  - Diet and exercise
- Alcohol
  - Liver disease
- Smoking
  - Cardiovascular disease
  - Lung disease
- Levels
  - Local
  - National
  - Global
- CVD treatments
  - Medication
  - Surgery
  - Lifestyle changes