Coordination and response mind map

Coordination and response

• Nervous control
  • Nervous system
    • CNS: brain, spinal cord
    • PNS: nerves outside
    • Coordination and regulation
  • Neurones carry impulses
    • Sensory
    • Relay
    • Motor
  • Reflex arc
    • Receptor
    • Sensory, relay, motor neurones
    • Effector: muscle or gland
  • Reflex action
    • Automatic
    • Rapid
    • Protects body
  • Synapse: junction between neurones Supplement
    • Vesicles
    • Synaptic gap
    • Receptor proteins
    • One direction only
• Sense organs
  • Sense organs: receptor cells
    • Light
    • Sound
    • Touch
    • Temperature, chemicals
  • Parts of the eye
    • Cornea refracts
    • Iris controls light
    • Lens focuses
    • Retina, optic nerve
  • Pupil reflex
    • Bright: smaller pupil
    • Dim: larger pupil
  • Iris muscles antagonistic Supplement
    • Circular narrows pupil
    • Radial widens pupil
  • Accommodation Supplement
    • Near: thick lens
    • Distant: thin lens
    • Ciliary muscles and ligaments
  • Rods, cones and fovea Supplement
    • Rods: night vision
    • Cones: colour
    • Fovea: sharpest vision
• Hormones
  • Hormone definition
    • Chemical substance
    • Made by a gland
    • Carried in blood
    • Target organs
  • Endocrine glands
    • Adrenal: adrenaline
    • Pancreas: insulin
    • Testes: testosterone
    • Ovaries: oestrogen
  • Nervous vs hormonal
    • Speed
    • Duration of effect
  • Adrenaline: fight or flight
    • Breathing rate up
    • Heart rate up
    • Pupils wider
  • Adrenaline and metabolism Supplement
    • Blood glucose up
    • Heart rate up
• Homeostasis
  • Constant internal environment
    • Body temperature
    • Blood glucose
  • Negative feedback Supplement
    • Set point
    • Change detected
    • Change reversed
  • Insulin lowers blood glucose
    • Made by pancreas
  • Glucagon and the liver Supplement
    • Glucagon from pancreas
    • Glucose to glycogen
    • Glycogen to glucose
  • Type 1 diabetes Supplement
    • Insulin injections
    • Monitor glucose
    • Diet
  • Skin structures Supplement
    • Hairs and erector muscles
    • Sweat glands
    • Receptors and neurones
    • Fatty tissue
  • Temperature control Supplement
    • Sweating
    • Shivering
    • Vasodilation
    • Vasoconstriction
• Tropic responses
  • Gravitropism
    • Shoots: away
    • Roots: towards
  • Phototropism
    • Shoots: towards light
    • Roots: away from light
  • Investigating tropisms
    • One variable
    • Control set
    • Dark for gravity
  • Auxin Supplement
    • Made in shoot tip
    • Diffuses
    • Unequal distribution
    • Cell elongation
  • Chemical control of growth Supplement
    • Light
    • Gravity